Automated Driving Roles - Revision history

Neumoeglich at 03:10, 28 August 2026

2026-08-28T03:10:11Z

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Neumoeglich at 02:39, 28 August 2026

2026-08-28T02:39:55Z

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Neumoeglich at 22:44, 27 August 2026

2026-08-27T22:44:50Z

Neumoeglich at 15:21, 27 August 2026

2026-08-27T15:21:11Z

Neumoeglich at 14:02, 27 August 2026

2026-08-27T14:02:35Z

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Neumoeglich at 13:00, 26 August 2026

2026-08-26T13:00:22Z

Neumoeglich at 01:55, 26 August 2026

2026-08-26T01:55:23Z

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Neumoeglich at 01:28, 26 August 2026

2026-08-26T01:28:37Z

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Neumoeglich at 00:41, 26 August 2026

2026-08-26T00:41:25Z

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Neumoeglich at 15:15, 25 August 2026

2026-08-25T15:15:19Z

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-<!doctype html>
+This page provides a glossary of terms for human and entity roles in [[Driving Automation Definitions|automated driving.]]
-<html lang="en">
-<head>
+== Semantic Map ==
-  <meta charset="utf-8">
+You can also view an [https://newlypossible.org/pages/adroles/ interactive semantic map of these terms].
-  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
-  <meta name="description" content="Semantic map of roles in automated driving.">
+== Cross-Cutting Concepts ==
-  <title>Semantic Map of Automated Driving Roles</title>
-  <style>
+=== Driver ===
-    :root { color-scheme: light; --navy:#15365c; --blue:#2b6ea6; --ink:#172433; --muted:#5a6a79; --line:#cbd7e2; --white:#fff; --shadow:0 12px 34px rgba(21,54,92,.12); }
-    * { box-sizing: border-box; }
+'''[https://ssrn.com/abstract=2303904 Driver]''' is not a universal unitary role. The [https://unece.org/texts-and-status-0 1949 and 1968 UN road-traffic conventions] expressly define a driver as any person who drives a vehicle or guides specified animals. They do not separately define person or expressly resolve whether it could include a legal person or ADS, although their operative provisions strongly presuppose a human. Article 34 bis of the 1968 Convention treats the driver requirement as satisfied during compliant ADS operation without declaring the ADS to be a driver. The [https://docs.un.org/en/ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2026/139 UN GTR on ADS] separately defines Driver as an ADS user—and therefore a human—who performs part or all of the dynamic driving task. SAE J3016 distinguishes in-vehicle and remote drivers from fallback-ready users. [https://openstd.samr.gov.cn/bzgk/std/newGbInfo?hcno=4754CB1B7AD798F288C52D916BFECA34&refer=outter China’s GB/T 40429-2021] distinguishes driver, conventional driver, and remote driver; the issued GB 44721-2026 uses a narrower in-vehicle definition for its L3/L4 safety requirements. Germany retains ''Fahrzeugführer'', France permits delegated driving subject to conditions, Canada’s ACMV pilot allocates driver duties within its supervised stream, and Switzerland’s motorway-pilot regime preserves a driver ready to resume the dynamic driving task. [https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/subtitle-B/chapter-V/part-571/section-571.3 US FMVSS] generally defines driver by reference to a human occupant, but [https://www.nhtsa.gov/interpretations/google-compiled-response-12-nov-15-interp-request-4-feb-16-final NHTSA’s fact-specific 2016 Google interpretation] treated the Self-Driving System as the driver for the described vehicle design. Each framework-specific use remains a separate table entry.
-    .sr-only { position:absolute!important; width:1px!important; height:1px!important; padding:0!important; margin:-1px!important; overflow:hidden!important; clip:rect(0,0,0,0)!important; white-space:nowrap!important; border:0!important; }
-    body { margin:0; color:var(--ink); background:linear-gradient(180deg,#edf4fa 0,#f8fafc 22rem,#f3f6f9 100%); font-family:Inter,ui-sans
+=== Operator ===

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-This page provides a glossary of terms for human and entity roles in [[Driving Automation Definitions|automated driving.]]
+<!doctype html>
+<html lang="en">
-== Semantic Map ==
+<head>
-You can also view an [https://newlypossible.org/pages/adroles/ interactive semantic map of these terms].
+  <meta charset="utf-8">
+  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
-== Cross-Cutting Concepts ==
+  <meta name="description" content="Semantic map of roles in automated driving.">
+  <title>Semantic Map of Automated Driving Roles</title>
-=== Driver ===
+  <style>
+    :root { color-scheme: light; --navy:#15365c; --blue:#2b6ea6; --ink:#172433; --muted:#5a6a79; --line:#cbd7e2; --white:#fff; --shadow:0 12px 34px rgba(21,54,92,.12); }
-'''[https://ssrn.com/abstract=2303904 Driver]''' is not a universal unitary role. The [https://unece.org/texts-and-status-0 1949 and 1968 UN road-traffic conventions] expressly define a driver as any person who drives a vehicle or guides specified animals. They do not separately define person or expressly resolve whether it could include a legal person or ADS, although their operative provisions strongly presuppose a human. Article 34 bis of the 1968 Convention treats the driver requirement as satisfied during compliant ADS operation without declaring the ADS to be a driver. The [https://docs.un.org/en/ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2026/139 UN GTR on ADS] separately defines Driver as an ADS user—and therefore a human—who performs part or all of the dynamic driving task. SAE J3016 distinguishes in-vehicle and remote drivers from fallback-ready users. [https://openstd.samr.gov.cn/bzgk/std/newGbInfo?hcno=4754CB1B7AD798F288C52D916BFECA34&refer=outter China’s GB/T 40429-2021] distinguishes driver, conventional driver, and remote driver; the issued GB 44721-2026 uses a narrower in-vehicle definition for its L3/L4 safety requirements. Germany retains ''Fahrzeugführer'', France permits delegated driving subject to conditions, Canada’s ACMV pilot allocates driver duties within its supervised stream, and Switzerland’s motorway-pilot regime preserves a driver ready to resume the dynamic driving task. [https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-49/subtitle-B/chapter-V/part-571/section-571.3 US FMVSS] generally defines driver by reference to a human occupant, but [https://www.nhtsa.gov/interpretations/google-compiled-response-12-nov-15-interp-request-4-feb-16-final NHTSA’s fact-specific 2016 Google interpretation] treated the Self-Driving System as the driver for the described vehicle design. Each framework-specific use remains a separate table entry.
+    * { box-sizing: border-box; }
+    .sr-only { position:absolute!important; width:1px!important; height:1px!important; padding:0!important; margin:-1px!important; overflow:hidden!important; clip:rect(0,0,0,0)!important; white-space:nowrap!important; border:0!important; }
-=== Operator ===
+    body { margin:0; color:var(--ink); background:linear-gradient(180deg,#edf4fa 0,#f8fafc 22rem,#f3f6f9 100%); font-family:Inter,ui-sans

@@ Line 95: / Line 95: @@
 | An authorized official who directs traffic. Under the 1968 Convention, road users must obey the official's instructions, which take precedence over traffic regulations, signs, signals, and road markings; the official must be identifiable at a distance.
 | <ul><li>[https://www.unece.org/fileadmin/DAM/trans/conventn/crt1968e.pdf 1968 Convention on Road Traffic], art. 6 (binding treaty law for Contracting Parties)</li></ul>
-| [[#role-road-safety-agent-9b012d2e|Road-Safety Agent]] [UN Regulation / GTR on ADS]<br>[[#role-traffic-controller-6b40ab14|Traffic Controller]] [Generic]
+| [[#role-road-safety-agent-0f5d8727|Road-Safety Agent]] [UN Regulation / GTR on ADS]<br>[[#role-traffic-controller-6b40ab14|Traffic Controller]] [Generic]
 | [[#role-cyclist-69220fa9|Cyclist]]<br>[[#role-driver-a3a8a16d|Driver]] [UN Road Traffic Conventions (1949/1968)]<br>[[#role-pedestrian-277158ae|Pedestrian]]<br>[[#role-road-user-b02db4ad|Road User]]
 |-
@@ Line 399: / Line 399: @@
 | A human emergency responder. While traveling on the road to or from an incident, the responder and any emergency vehicle are road users whose movement and applicable priority rules the ADS must recognize. At a crash or incident scene, the responder may be working in or beside the roadway, directing traffic, assisting people, or managing hazards, and may also qualify as an Other Road User, Traffic Controller, Road-Safety Agent, or Vulnerable Road User.
 | <ul><li>Generic emergency-response role; the UN ADS instruments provide official framework-specific road-user and road-safety-agent comparisons. — [https://docs.un.org/en/ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2026/139 UN GTR on ADS]</li></ul>
-| [[#role-road-safety-agent-9b012d2e|Road-Safety Agent]] [UN Regulation / GTR on ADS]
+| [[#role-road-safety-agent-0f5d8727|Road-Safety Agent]] [UN Regulation / GTR on ADS]
 | [[#role-second-responder-8b0bdee5|Second Responder]]<br>[[#role-traffic-controller-6b40ab14|Traffic Controller]]<br>[[#role-vulnerable-road-user-6537132d|Vulnerable Road User]]
 |-
@@ Line 866: / Line 866: @@
 | [[#role-platform-safety-monitoring-personnel-b9339767|Platform Safety Monitoring Personnel]]<br>[[#role-safety-operator-18615849|Safety Operator]] [China (Beijing)]
 |-
-| data-sort-value="Road-Safety Agent" | <span id="role-road-safety-agent-9b012d2e"></span>Road-Safety Agent
+| data-sort-value="Road-Safety Agent" | <span id="role-road-safety-agent-0f5d8727"></span>Road-Safety Agent
 | data-sort-value="UN Regulation / GTR on ADS" | UN Regulation / GTR on ADS
 | data-sort-value="Human" | Human
-| A human who directs traffic, enforces traffic laws, responds to traffic incidents, or performs more than one of those functions. The term therefore covers both traffic-control and emergency-response roles whose instructions an ADS may need to detect and follow.
+| An undefined UN term for a human road-safety actor whose presence or instructions may require an ADS response. The UN ADS GTR and parallel UN Regulation use ‘road-safety agent’ but do not define it. Context suggests officials or responders who direct traffic, enforce traffic laws, or manage traffic incidents.
-| <ul><li>UN GTR on ADS ¶¶ 2.21.1–2.21.2, 4.1.2.5, 4.1.2.11, 4.1.3.3.2; Annex 4 ¶ 3.5.2(f) ([https://docs.un.org/en/ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2026/139 ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2026/139]) (UN GTR under the 1998 Agreement; no direct legal effect pending national transposition; status: Adopted UN category; final editorial numbering check)</li><li>Parallel UN ADS Regulation (adopted June 2026; [https://docs.un.org/en/ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2026/137 ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2026/137]; final number pending official publication) (UN Regulation under the 1958 Agreement; binding on Contracting Parties applying it)</li></ul>
+| <ul><li>UN GTR on ADS paras. 4.1.2.11 and 4.1.3.3.2; Annex 4 para. 3.5.2(f) ([https://docs.un.org/en/ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2026/139 ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2026/139]) (uses but does not define ‘road-safety agent’; UN GTR under the 1998 Agreement; no direct legal effect pending national transposition)</li><li>Parallel UN ADS Regulation (adopted June 2026; [https://docs.un.org/en/ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2026/137 ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2026/137]; final number pending official publication) (uses but does not define ‘road-safety agent’; UN Regulation under the 1958 Agreement; binding on Contracting Parties applying it)</li></ul>
 | [[#role-authorized-official-directing-traffic-965df3f9|Authorized Official Directing Traffic]] [UN Road Traffic Conventions (1949/1968)]<br>[[#role-first-responder-c2132b8f|First Responder]] [Generic]<br>[[#role-traffic-controller-6b40ab14|Traffic Controller]] [Generic]
 | —
@@ Line 1,047: / Line 1,047: @@
 | Traffic controller is a generic label for a person who lawfully directs traffic or provides external instructions. Depending on the instrument, the person may be treated as a road-safety agent, law-enforcement officer, road worker, or other road user.
 | <ul><li>Generic road-safety actor; the UN ADS instruments provide an official framework-specific comparison. — [https://docs.un.org/en/ECE/TRANS/WP.29/2026/139 UN GTR on ADS]</li></ul>
-| [[#role-authorized-official-directing-traffic-965df3f9|Authorized Official Directing Traffic]] [UN Road Traffic Conventions (1949/1968)]<br>[[#role-road-safety-agent-9b012d2e|Road-Safety Agent]] [UN Regulation / GTR on ADS]
+| [[#role-authorized-official-directing-traffic-965df3f9|Authorized Official Directing Traffic]] [UN Road Traffic Conventions (1949/1968)]<br>[[#role-road-safety-agent-0f5d8727|Road-Safety Agent]] [UN Regulation / GTR on ADS]
 | [[#role-first-responder-c2132b8f|First Responder]]<br>[[#role-vulnerable-road-user-6537132d|Vulnerable Road User]]
 |-